Worksheet 1 Cloud Computing and Virtualization

Cloud computing

          Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access technology services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, on an as-needed basis from a cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Benefits of cloud computing
Agility
Elasticity
Cost savings
Deploy globally in minutes
Types of Cloud Computing
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
IaaS : Infrastructure as a Service, sometimes abbreviated as IaaS, contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT and typically provide access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data storage space. Infrastructure as a Service provides you with the highest level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources and is most similar to existing IT resources that many IT departments and developers are familiar with today.
PaaS : Platforms as a service remove the need for organizations to manage the underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems) and allow you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications. This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the other undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running your application.
SaaS : Software as a Service provides you with a completed product that is run and managed by the service provider. In most cases, people referring to Software as a Service are referring to end-user applications. With a SaaS offering you do not have to think about how the service is maintained or how the underlying infrastructure is managed; you only need to think about how you will use that particular piece of software. A common example of a SaaS application is web-based email where you can send and receive email without having to manage feature additions to the email product or maintaining the servers and operating systems that the email program is running on.

Virtualization 
Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources".

Types of virtualization

Hypervisor
A Hypervisor or VMM(virtual machine monitor) is a layer that exists between the operating system and hardware. It provides the necessary services and features for the smooth running of multiple operating systems. 
It identifies traps, responds to privileged CPU instructions, and handles queuing, dispatching, and returning the hardware requests. A host operating system also runs on top of the hypervisor to administer and manage the virtual machines.

Full virtualization
Full Virtualization was introduced by IBM in the year 1966. It is the first software solution for server virtualization and uses binary translation and direct approach techniques. In full virtualization, guest OS is completely isolated by the virtual machine from the virtualization layer and hardware. Microsoft and Parallels systems are examples of full vitualization

Para virtualization
Paravirtualization is the category of CPU virtualization which uses hypercalls for operations to handle instructions at compile time. In paravirtualization, guest OS is not completely isolated but it is partially isolated by the virtual machine from the virtualization layer and hardware. VMware and Xen are some examples of paravirtualization.

OS based virtualization
Operating system-based Virtualization refers to an operating system feature in which the kernel enables the existence of various isolated user-space instances. The installation of virtualization software also refers to Operating system-based virtualization. It is installed over a pre-existing operating system and that operating system is called the host operating system. 
In this virtualization, a user installs the virtualization software in the operating system of his system like any other program and utilizes this application to operate and generate various virtual machines. Here, the virtualization software allows direct access to any of the created virtual machines to the user. As the host OS can provide hardware devices with the mandatory support, operating system virtualization may affect compatibility issues of hardware even when the hardware driver is not allocated to the virtualization software. 

Benefits of virtualization
1. More flexible and efficient allocation of resources. 
2. Enhance development productivity. 
3. It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure. 
4. Remote access and rapid scalability. 
5. High availability and disaster recovery. 
6. Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on demand. 
7. Enables running multiple operating systems. 

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Worksheet 2 AWS Services

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Assignment Class Activity - Storage Virtualization

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